Cavernous Hemangioma - Symptoms and Treatment

Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign orbital tumor found in adults. The tumor usually rests inside the extraocular muscle cone (that space immediately behind the eye surrounded by the muscles which move the eye). A type of hemangioma composed of blood-filled "lakes" and channels. It is typically raised and red or purplish. A cavernous hemangioma may diminish in size following trauma, bleeding or ulceration but it rarely disappears on its own. Small cavernous hemangiomas situated on the surface of the body may be removed or treated by electrocoagulation. Surgery is usually needed if a cavernous hemangioma causes increased growth of an extremity. Cavernous hemangiomas are not static lesions and are believed to enlarge due to recurrent hemorrhage into the lesion. This results in gradual enlargement of the lesion and resulting symptoms due to mass effect. In one series, the incidence of symptomatic hemorrhage was 1.1% per lesion per year.

A hemangioma is an abnormal build up of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs. The classically recognized hemangioma is a visible red skin lesion that may be superficial (in the top skin layers, called a capillary hemangioma), deeper in the skin , or a mixture of both. Hemangiomas are usually present at birth, although they may appear within a few months after birth, often beginning at a site that has appeared slightly dusky or colored differently than the surrounding tissue. Cavernous hemangioma occur in individuals of all ages and throughout the world. They are more commonly found in older persons and rarely identified in young children. Cavernous hemangiomata are more common in women than men. Estrogens may increase their size. Cavernous hemangiomata can vary in size and be as large as several centimeters. The margins of the tumors are usually well-defined. Hemangiomata are filled with vascular channels of various sizes and also contain fibrous tissue. Thrombi (clotted blood) may be present in the vascular channels. Cavernous hemagiomata are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally when ultrasound, CT or other abdominal imaging studies are undertaken for other reasons. Sometime, a patient with a hemangioma will present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, other abdominal symptoms or a palpable mass. Rarely, patients with hemangiomata will present with anemia or low platelet counts because red blood cells or platelets are sequestered and/or destroyed in the tumor.

Symptoms of Cavernous Hemangioma

Some common Symptoms of Cavernous Hemangioma :

• Low flow vascular lesion.
• Unilateral, painless proptosis.
• Vision not usually affected unless mass is pushing on the eye.
• ECHO shows intraconal mass.

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